In so doing explain the notion of the Egyptian problem and the “Greek miracle.”, Finally explain the most important thing you learned from this assignment and how it helped you achieve the educational goals of our course. O’Donovan (1995: 41) goes as far as suggesting that “there is probably no native-born African who is not aware of the existence of God”. Tozer (1994:11) famously suggests that “What comes into our minds when we think about God is the most important thing about us”. Moreover, the Supreme Being sustains this world; that in the sense that he keeps everything which he made in existence at every given moment, and in the sense that he is seen to be the one who provides and protects this world³ (Mbiti, 1991: 49, 52). Yet the Bible cannot conceive of the One True God like that. This African understanding of religion acknowledges the existence of an invisible spiritual world and simultaneously maintains that all things are united and interconnected (Thorpe 1992:112). In addition to the belief in deity, the Supreme Being of Africa largely overlaps conceptually with the identity and work of the biblical God. critical understanding of African worldview, the place of African philosophy and the significance of myths in the reflection of African experience. I have never trusted online activities but this is outstanding!!!! Thus, to have many children who can preserve one's memory is to secure one's immortality. The tortoise, however, wished to have children, and went to God. Christian South Africans thinking in the open about culture, ethics, literature, Scripture and God in our context. Noen could have children, and when they became old they did not die but became young again! Secondly, Africans have distorted their knowledge of God. Either way, however, the world as we see it today is a direct result of the activities of the Supreme Being and so it is legitimate to say that he created this world. In this communication he has told people what he is like and he has offered them the possibility of relationship. The invisible/ sky which is regarded as the home of God. MBITI, J.S. What are the most commonly recognized spiritual forces in African religions? An African understanding of the concept of God as Spirit is common both Christianity and African traditional religion. Grand Rapids, MI : BridgePoint Books. Attributes of God (Supreme Being) in Africa: Attributes of God refers to words or phrases ascribing traits, properties, qualities or characteristics to the 1991. KATO, B. Definitely a huge help for me, I appreciate everything and everyone there. We can work on The Impact of Nursing Informatics on Patient Outcomes and Patient Care Efficiencies, We can work on Managerial economics – week 3 assignment – Assignment Help, We can work on A Firm’s Capital Structure, We can work on Teamwork in the Work Place, We can work on University of California Irvine North Korea Nuclear Program Discussion – Assignment Help, Egyptian origin of Monotheism (by Jan Assmann, German Egyptologist). (ix) God is self-existent which means that he is self-made and originated on His own. Describe the African concept of his/her religion b. ... God in Africa, Cape Cod, MA: Claude Stark. He does not do anything more for people. Our knowledge of God cannot be exhaustive, for the finite is attempting to understand the Infinite who has revealed Himself. God, according to Africans manifests himself in physical phenomena, such as lightning and thunder. Thus, in contrast to the humanistic view of sin in the African tradition, the God of the Bible is seen to be holy and just. The snares of African traditional religion in perspective. Obviously you will find tribes subscribing to both sides of this argument. Get the best essays delivered by experienced UK & US essay writers at affordable prices. This is the meaning of the doctrine of the Trinity in Christian thought. There are two major differences between the God of the Bible and the African concepts of God, which I will discuss. Human understanding of God is further limited by the finite faculties that man has been created with. Consequently, the family model has very enriching theocentric, trinitarian, christological, sacramental, ecclesiogenetic, pastoral, and communitarian imcations to the life and mission of the Church in Africa during the third millennium. What are the attributes of God according to the African traditional understanding? O’Donovan (1995: 41) goes as far as suggesting that “there is probably no native-born African who is not aware of the existence of God”. Like Greek, Middle Eastern, and Indian mythologies, the West African mythology offers a sophisticated understanding of creation and humanity. In light of the two points above, there do seem to be major differences between the African conception of the Supreme Being and the Christian conception of God. The Christian faith knows and worships one God, who is revealed in the Son and in the Holy Spirit. Return to essay, ² There is some argument about whether the Supreme Being created ex nihilo or merely organised some type of existing matter. Thus, the God of the Bible is different to the Supreme Being of Africa in that he is knowable and relational. The Supreme Being is personal in the sense of possessing personhood; therefore deity is referred to as a ‘He’ and not as an ‘it’ or a ‘power’ (Gehman, 2005: 319). He is the constant participant in the affairs of human beings. God was at the top of African … O’DONOVAN, W. 1995. From these two beliefs it naturally follows that the Supreme Being is seen as almighty; for he has the power to do anything he desires (O’Donovan, 1995: 41). African mythology covers a vast area. God is experienced as an all-pervading reality. In African traditions, religion was integrated in every aspect of life and daily activities. sense, African Christian theology is the understanding, presentation and concrete interpretation of the Christian faith in accordance with the needs, aspirations, thought-forms and mentality of the people of the black continent. Will definitely come back again.nCheers!!! African Spirituality: Understanding Its Forms, Meanings, and Expressions October 25, 2017 By Rebecca Davis Leave a Comment African spirituality is a way of life. African religion centres on belief and practices. 1985. because there is a correlation between the African understanding of family and the Church as family of God. 6 . Biblical Christianity in Africa: a collection of papers and addresses. Most practitioners of African Traditional Religion have an understanding of a creator God, but this normally refined and broaden when one becomes a Christian. Biblical Christianity in African perspective. Yet God is immanent. challenge experienced that has helped prepare some way in a professional provider of health care. At a pilgrimage prayer service dedicated to the “God Beyond all Names”, Dr Nontando Hadebe reflected that in most African languages there are no pronouns. Instead of positively responding to it in faith, he resorted to idols”. Yet, these are surface cracks which reveal to us the much greater underlying problem of idolatry. God gave life to the tortoises and men, but not to the stones. However, the origin of God is generally a mystery; different myths exist in different African cultures trying to explain God’s origin. Its beliefs cannot be separated from a person’s external factors. At a pilgrimage prayer service dedicated to the “God Beyond all Names”, Dr Nontando Hadebe reflected that in most African languages there are no pronouns. Theological pitfalls in Africa. We can help. ...The problem is not that God did not speak clearly to the African in the past: the problem is rather what the African did with the revelation he received from God. (v) God is a provider, giver of life and provider of His creation. Hands down the best site so far. If we had an infinite and completely comprehensive understanding of God, we, too, would be God, having omniscience. The difference between the Western and African idea of God may be understood as a difference of names due to languages. The global God: multicultural evangelical views of God. The entry makes the African moral language its point of departure, for the language of morality gives insight into the moral thinking or ideas of the society. Key words: Myths, communalistic, african philosophy, earth and God. I have opted to include fewer differences not because there are not many, but because more explanation is required. God was the creator of the universe. Seshat, goddess of wisdom, knowledge, and writing. If so, what are they?”. Yet, there are significant similarities at the same time. London: Edinburgh House press. Indeed, they can go no further because, although humans can pray to the Supreme Being in certain situations (O’Donovan, 1995: 42), he never interacts with, or personally reveals himself to, the people of Africa (Turaki, 1999: 160). (ii) God is everlasting / eternal. In chapter 4, Mbiti’s understanding of God is scrutinized in relation to his methodology, the African concept of time, his understanding of revelation and of salvation. Very outstanding. I recommend this source. When do you want our writer to submit your order? Women's Experiences of God. Indeed, we must affirm that the Bible is correct when it asserts that God’s divinity and power have been plain since the creation of the world (Romans 1:19-20). 1994. 1950. By this Africans understand that God is not only kind, but that he does not do wrong. BOWERS, P. 2002. God created the tortoise (turtle), men and stones. This is why African theology beleives both that God is spirit and that God's presence can be felt and experienced physically. We handle assignments in a multiplicity of subject areas including Admission Essays, General Essays, Case Studies, Coursework, Dissertations, Editing, Research Papers, and Research proposals, A photo posted by Writemyclassessay (@writemyclassessay) on Oct 13, 2016 at 11:26pm PDT, We handle papers in a multiplicity of subject areas including Admission Essays, General Essays, Case Studies, Coursework, Dissertations, Editing, Research Papers, and Research proposals. The traditional African understanding and the interpretation of Christianity have deep roots in these fundamental beliefs of the African traditional religions. 1975. Traditional African belief is … African peoples do not consider God to be a man, but in order to express certain concepts, they employ languages and images about God as an aid to their conceptualization of him whom they have not seen and about whom they confess to know little or nothing. The Yoruba of Olorun and the Mozambique legend of Nyambi both illustrate which typical African understanding of the High God? African theologian alive today. At the outset I need to say that one of the major problems in a study such as this is its vastness. Although there is much in the Supreme Being which corresponds with the biblical conception of deity, Romans 1:21 argues that this knowledge has been illegitimately expanded and perverted. The encounter of Christian faith and African religion. vehicle for Christian missionary work and the authority for Christological understanding and interpretation, Africa has become a very fascinating region due to its growing Christian populations. Yoruba, West Africa god of war and iron Olorun Yoruba, West Africa sky god and supreme deity deity. At different times and in different places, Western Christianity has, for … God is seldom charged with wrong doing in Africa”. African theology: its history, dynamics, scope and future. Traditional African belief is … I believe this assertion to be correct and so the question, “How do African concepts of God relate to the God of the Bible?” is most worthy of our consideration. Cape Town, South Africa: Potchefstroom University. 2nd ed. Furthermore, due to the nature of the evidence, its scope must be universal; and so we cannot exclude Africans from this knowledge. Supreme God, as with Yahweh in the Old Testament, but instead they became gods in themselves, because these intermediaries re-quested or required cultic worship, ritual and exigencies that are foreign and inadequate in the description and understanding of the angelic intermediaries of the Old Testament. By the end of this lesson, you should a. These signify a transcendent, almighty and theophaneous God. In attempting to answer this question we will examine their similarities and differences, and then we will consider whether African concepts of God¹ are more similar or dissimilar to the God of the Bible. This personhood is not seen to be manifested physically, but to exist spiritually. The Yoruba people of Nigeria, for example, worship a storm god, Shango, who controls thunder and lightning. Click Order now to have a similar paper completed for you by our team of Experts. Understanding God – Knowing Him Personally Another way of understanding God is to study the life of His Son, Jesus. Rather, the Supreme Being commissions other beings in the spiritual hierarchy to undertake these tasks. The universe has a specific order of created beings, with God the creator occupying the highest rank. Introduction to African religion. 6 . Also that he continues to speak to all the tribes of Africa who have not heard the Gospel can also not be denied”. God created the tortoise (turtle), men and stones. ... As above, so it is below. The biblical God says that sin is against him personally (Psalm 51:4), and causes him great offense (Hosea 9:15). These basic beliefs are: 1. Africa Christian press. “God saw what he had made, and saw that it was good” (Gn 1:31). Return to essay, ³ However, the dual activities of providing and protecting are not undertaken directly by the Supreme Being. I care about Jesus, people, my country and what being a Christian means in relation to each of these. My findings were used in teaching, but eventually I put them together in a book, Concepts of God in Africa, published by the British publisher SPCK (1970). The Supreme Being is furthermore perceived as being the creator of the world. In this second edition, Dr Mbiti has updated his material to include the involvement of women in religion, and the potential unity to be found in what was once thought to be a mass of quite separate religions. (x) God is Spirit and is invisible. LESSON ONE: AFRICAN CONCEPT OF GOD, SPIRITS AND ANCESTORS Learning outcomes. God is the Supreme entity to the adherents of the traditional religions of Africa and is considered to be the origin of everything in this universe. SMITH, E.W. Some scholars would even argue that an African understanding is nothing more than an internalised form of Western perspectives. Nairobi: East African Educational Publishers. The fundamental problem with constructing an African religious cosmology is to understand how the one god and the many gods or lesser deities can co-exist in the African context. INTRODUCTION Philosophy as a discipline is the reflection of mankind on the ideas and institutions guiding their existence. In this case, so-called "salvation history" must widen its outreach in order to embrace the horizons of other peoples’ histories”. This chapter concludes that it is not possible to presume a homogenous or one unified concept of God in Africa. Quick feedback and perfect papers. The difference between the Western and African idea of God may be understood as a difference of names due to languages. In contemplating this point Gehman (2005: 320) helpfully states, “Whatever tragedy is experienced is blamed on witchcraft or the living-dead. In the African traditional religions, ancestors were never considered demonic or as part of evil spirits (2007;383). This very idea of Oneness of the Supreme Being is … [web:]. The African continent includes so many countries, regions, languages, tribes, cultures and crossovers that the sheer diversity of prevailing Gods would seem overwhelming if there weren’t a few handy shortcuts. Explain the attributes of God according to the African traditional understanding. Attempting to distill the religious beliefs of about 1 billion people is no small task; especially when these people are at no point static in their beliefs. The term for God in many African traditions is identified with the terms for sky, thunder, rainfall, lightening etc. Neith, goddess sometimes associated with wisdom; Thoth, originally a moon deity, later became the god of knowledge and wisdom and the scribe of the gods; Sia, the deification of wisdom; Isis, goddess of wisdom, magic and kingship.She was said to be "more clever than a million gods". Sin in the African worldview is against the community and not against God⁵ (Kato, 1975: 42). The South African reimaging of God revolved around ridding themselves of the patriarchal model that supports the hierarchy, domination, and sexism of their experience under apartheid. It is a matter of perspective, whether one lays emphasis on the Supreme Being or on the many . Menkiti, Ifeanyi A., 1984. OLUPONA: If we lose traditional African religions, we would also lose or continue to seriously undermine the African practice of rites of passage such as the much cherished age-grade initiations, which have for so long integrated and bought Africans together under a common understanding, or worldview. Using readings 1 to 4 explain African contribution to humanity, to world civilization and world spirituality, and specifically to Judaism, Christianity and the Bible. It was expressed by wearing various charms and believing in their power and through proverbs, folktales and myths. Supreme God, as with Yahweh in the Old Testament, but instead they became gods in themselves, because these intermediaries re-quested or required cultic worship, ritual and exigencies that are foreign and inadequate in the description and understanding of the angelic intermediaries of the Old Testament. From this verse two things are evident. Have you completed your assignment? The tortoise, however, wished to have children, and went to God. Write my Essay | I need help with my School Assignment, A photo posted by Writemyclassessay (@writemyclassessay). As a result, it is the community who is most offended, by these social ills, and it is they who take the responsibility to discipline the offender. 'The Afri-can attitude to God is perhaps understood least' (Sawyer, 1970, p. ix). Therefore, Africa has effectively made its own God. As Christians we must believe that if Africa is to have any hope in God her God must be the God of the Bible. Atheistic tendencies in Africa are minimal. ... Mbiti's work inspired numerous studies on God in African religions. Yet, at the same time it must always be maintained that this is fundamentally a different God due to Africa’s distortion of general revelation. In reflecting on the world without God’s word, Romans 1:21 says that “although [people] knew God, they neither glorified him as God nor gave thanks to him, but their thinking became futile and their foolish hearts were darkened”. Part 1. The visible world is creation as we perceive around us. Thank you for making me trust that you are not a scam. God is infinite. NYIRONGO, L. 1997. Monotheism’s insistence on the God gave life to the tortoises and men, but not to the stones. I have opted to not include the concept of transcendence under similarities for I believe it to be an area where African theologians have fundamentally misrepresented African religion, by “‘baptising’ the data in order to project a traditional religion that is compatible with Christianity” (Bowers, 2002: 118). These are vital questions which we shall now consider. Seemingly, the theological view of God who sent his Son, Jesus Christ, to save us, needs to be further developed in the African understanding of God (Supreme Being) (cf. Also that he continues to speak to all the tribes of Africa who have not heard the Gospel can also not be denied. Thus, in this area, we observe a stark contrast between the biblical God and the Supreme Being. Our knowledge of God cannot be exhaustive, for the finite is attempting to understand the Infinite who has revealed Himself. KATO, B. {"cookieName":"wBounce","isAggressive":false,"isSitewide":true,"hesitation":"20","openAnimation":"tada","exitAnimation":"bounceOutUp","timer":"","sensitivity":"","cookieExpire":"30","cookieDomain":"writemyclassessay.com","autoFire":"","isAnalyticsEnabled":true}, Header Button Label: View writing samples. This ordering is what is referred to as the hierarchy of beings. ¹ Discussions about ancestors, dynamism and spiritism are important but unfortunately fall outside the scope of this essay. Human understanding of God is further limited by the finite faculties that man has been created with. It is clear that there is much in common between the biblical view of God and the African concept of the Supreme Being. The African understanding of morality is based on a cosmological understanding. Of each he created male and female. Carlisle, UK : Paternoster Press. The visible/ earth. Even thoughmorality is the subject matter of ethics, it is most often usedinterchangeably with ‘ethics’. Therefore, we must affirm what is correct in the African conception of deity. In spite of thephilosophical inquiries or analyses undertaken by individualmoralphilosophers regarding morality … MBITI, J. Thus, at the point where revelation from the deity becomes re-creation into a new deity, it becomes impossible to see the biblical God as a continuity of the African God⁷ (Turaki, 1999: 160). centre (Introduction to African Religions, 41, 42). The problem with the African concepts of God is that they go no further than speculation. The term ‘ethics’ is technically used by philosophers tomean a philosophical study of morality—morality understood as aset of social rules, principles, norms that guide or are intended toguide the conduct of people in a society, and as beliefs about rightand wrong conduct as well as good or bad character. African religions, religious beliefs and practices of the peoples of Africa.It should be noted that any attempt to generalize about the nature of “African religions” risks wrongly implying that there is homogeneity among all African cultures.In fact, Africa is a vast continent encompassing both geographic variation and tremendous cultural diversity. Cape Town, South Africa: Potchefstroom University. In light of the above it seems that we should affirm the similarities between the biblical God and the African God. African mythology covers a vast area. The S… The African understanding of immortality is tied to remembrance after death. These similarities extend over both the character and the work of each deity. In addition to the belief in deity, the Supreme Being of Africa largely overlaps conceptually with the identity and work of the biblical God. eds. African turn to God when in trouble and seeking peace, happiness, and security. Carlisle, UK : OM Publishing. & SPENCER, W.D. Examples of where this difference is manifested are, amongst others, holiness, justice, knowledge and relationship. These basic beliefs are: 1. The traditional African religions or traditional beliefs and practices of African people are a set of highly diverse beliefs that includes various ethnic religions. Christianity and African gods: a method in theology. 1999. TOZER, A.W. Notice that his argument is built on a fundamental continuity between the biblical God and the African God, and thus it is basically flawed. These five basic beliefs that make up the African traditional religion are corroborated by the work of Vincent Okungu, who argued that a slight difference might be observed in these component elements with different people groups in Africa to demonstrate the peoples’ understanding of God in their locality. He has no physical form and is invisible. In African Traditional Religion creator God is distant from man. This is what one finds when you walk into Africa, and this is what the anthropologists discovered early on, and the missionaries. Most Africans are in agreement that the traditional Africans do not actively worship this Supreme Being. By this I am not suggesting that God has not revealed himself through what is commonly referred to as ‘general revelation’⁴. 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