japanese tanks in burma

They also had been rapidly expanded, with an influx of Bamar soldiers, and were short of equipment and consisted mainly of new recruits. Then, the Type 89 I-Go, only able to achieve infantry pace, was duly put on a replacement schedule. The Type 97 Chi-Ha (九七式中戦車チハ, Kyūnana-shiki chū-sensha Chi-ha) was a medium tank used by the Imperial Japanese Army during the Second Sino-Japanese War, the Battles of Khalkhin Gol against the Soviet Union, and the Second World War.It was the most widely produced Japanese medium tank … [35] The troops were in an alarming state, with "hair-raising stories of atrocities and sufferings".[36]. Although the division was rescued by Chinese infantry and British tanks in the Battle of Yenangyaung, it lost almost all its equipment and its cohesion. These tanks were instrumental in enabling the British forces to break out of Rangoon and also assisted in holding the Japanese advance on various occasions. Supplies were not immediately a problem, as much war material (including material originally meant for shipment to China) had been evacuated from Rangoon, rice was plentiful and the oilfields in central Burma were still intact, but no proper land routes from India existed and only the recapture of Rangoon would allow the Allies to hold Burma indefinitely. The Chi-Ha (“medium tank third… [\�*[�/�G��+� ��B]��$�%{Xf��I��(mE��֭�� DX�xA+�UXMԽ,3I JN4z�yfpH�}� R*�Sa� & �>Y�#m�@�L C �LhI��E��\5�a�r�E:��G��ӳ��0�F��a�. The Royal Air Force wing operating from Magwe was crippled by the withdrawal of the radar and radio-intercept units to India[28] and the Japanese soon gained supremacy in the air. 33, Sino-Japanese Air War 1937–45, see 1941 and 1942, Burma Campaign, Orbat for 1942 campaign, Japan, Commonwealth, Chinese, USA, A Forgotten Invasion: Thailand in Shan State, 1941–45, Thailand's Northern Campaign in the Shan States 1942–45, Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany, Rape during the Soviet occupation of Poland, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Japanese_invasion_of_Burma&oldid=995071323, Military history of Thailand during World War II, Military history of Burma during World War II, Military history of India during World War II, Land battles and operations of World War II involving the United Kingdom, All articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases, Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from July 2018, Pages containing London Gazette template with parameter supp set to y, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 19 December 2020, at 01:57. /Title The flow of refugees began soon after the bombing of Rangoon in late December 1941 and increased to a "mass exodus" in February 1942 as the Indian (and Anglo-Indian and Anglo-Burmese) population of Burma fled to India, fearing both the Japanese and hostile Burmese. A Lee tank being loaded onto a pontoon ferry . The Japanese 18th and 56th Divisions pursued the Chinese into Yunnan, but were ordered to halt on the Salween River on 26 April. The 16th Indian Infantry Brigade of the 17th Indian Division guarding this approach retreated hastily westward. The Japanese division advanced to Moulmein at the mouth of the Salween River which was garrisoned by the 2nd Burma Infantry Brigade. [43] The Hui Muslim Ma Guanggui became the leader of the Hui Panglong self-defense guard created by Su[who? Well this is a post that I would not have thought of drafting six months ago! The principal model in service at the time of Pearl Harbor was the Type 97 or “Chi-Ha.” The Type 95 Ha-Gō (九五式軽戦車ハ号 kyūgo-shiki kei-sensha Ha-Gō) (also known as Ke-Go or Kyu-Go) was a light tank used by the Imperial Japanese Army in combat operations of the Second Sino-Japanese War, at Nomonhan against the Soviet Union, and in the Second World War. /��wFn��ߏ��*�L��2��5ݎ�oP��W� m/�|��+��8��Q�0�+�1�*��~�2��1�7��[�m�ߝ�v�]P��D�]��TT� �/=��n�b�۲۹[��:/ͤ��4��m��is��_�O��,��(��L�cΨ!�7'2Y]#��Vd}��=jt�/��ȫ��g~��E��'��A�e�H�^��ԭ��Ͻ{�t~�]�n�V n�� T�ֆ�]�^�z�K��=��.��ؠA�sX4�I|��25��h�*��I=��&�k6�=�k��0��'vm�fҜ� Their troops suffered from shortage of supplies and disease, but were not subjected to Allied attacks. On 7 March, the Burma Army evacuated Rangoon after implementing a scorched earth plan to deny the Japanese the use of its facilities. "M3 and M5 Stuart Light Tank 1940–45". The remnants of the Burma Army faced encirclement as they retreated north from the city, but broke through the Taukkyan Roadblock as the result of an error on the part of the local Japanese commander. On the eastern part of the front, in the Battle of Yunnan-Burma Road, the Chinese 200th Division held up the Japanese for a time around Toungoo, but after its fall the road was open for motorised troops of the Japanese 56th Division to shatter the Chinese Sixth Army to the east in the Karenni States and advance northward through the Shan States to capture Lashio, outflanking the Allied defensive lines and cutting off the Chinese armies from Yunnan. Japan entered the war primarily to obtain raw materials, especially oil, from European (particularly Dutch) possessions in South East Asia which were weakly defended because of the war in Europe. Japanese Type 97 Tank Chi-Ha. Medium Tanks. If the tank was not amphibious it was considered a vehicle, and they were painted a single solid color: either khaki (which can range from light tan to darker brown) or a dark green. One of Ma Guanggui's nephews was Ma Yeye, a son of Ma Guanghua and he narrated the history of Panglong including the Japanese attack. Under British rule, there had been substantial economic development but the majority Bamar community was becoming increasingly restive. The opposition had been the 93rd Division of the National Revolutionary Army, which was already cut off by the Japanese advance to the Salween River and was retreating. ��X��ľk_O�6��/'?��"پ��K��_P�وֵ�1��L-��*�\u&j��d�,��b�.�L�[�*�J~k�g��V��Y(ٰ[�:Ӛ�Z�z��b�u>B�B�Y��oa lNJd��^Z��Q��QuZU5,��g�˓/�-�5��4�Lk,��?N��vu*3��?�W��թ��r�2��_��L.��տϾ?��)N��+�'\n=�s��v�ef#�]W��w�S�� ~��&!�〦�y�D�B��p��179�+��xQlV"��.��9�k��E��:�3{��u�'pf��]�y� VW��as�]�w��γ"|�RRƾ�)��޺��T�߬�� V��u�gT�}��%5� ��{��Sh�X�Y.i�v��B�΅��tc_�w�2�~��:tm5ˏ��%>�N�w ��Ni��;��&�K�e��I!̷��:4 /Creator They attempted to hold the Bilin River and other fallback lines as they did so, but had too few troops to avoid being continually outflanked. >> British and Indian forces relied on the M-3 for armored support in the jungles of Burma, where the tank proved popular against Japanese troops lacking anti-tank … Alexander ordered counter-attacks against the Japanese at Pegu, 40 miles (64 km) northeast of Rangoon, but soon realised that there was no hope of defending Rangoon. Field rations. /Producer He and several other volunteers (the Thirty Comrades) were later given intensive military training on Hainan Island. The Type 97 Chi-Ha, with nearly 2100 units built (including the improved (Kai) version), was the second most produced tank in Japanese history, after the smaller Ha-Go. [39] The 23,000[40] Chinese soldiers who had retreated into India were put under the command of the American General Joseph Stilwell, who had also made his way to India on foot, and were concentrated in camps at Ramgarh in Bihar. The Japanese advance cut off many of the Chinese troops from China. According to Zaloga, all but one tank of the two regiments of the 7th Armoured Brigade had been lost. Three Thai infantry divisions and one cavalry division, supported by the Royal Thai Air Force, captured Kengtung on 27 May. Japanese troops walking along the "Road to Mandalay" in World War 2. [45] The Japanese attack caused the Hui Mu family to seek refuge in Panglong but they were driven out again to Yunnan when the Japanese attacked Panglong. [34], Burma Corps reached Imphal in Manipur just before the monsoon broke in May 1942. stream The monsoon season soon began, bringing British and Japanese operations, except for patrols, temporarily to an end. [41] The Japanese 33rd Division likewise halted on the Chindwin at the end of May, ending the campaign until the end of the monsoon rains. Panglong, a Chinese Muslim town in British Burma, was entirely destroyed by the Japanese invaders in their invasion of Burma. After the fall of Rangoon, the Allies tried to make a stand in central Burma. Crawford recalled that "The Medium Tank Platoon and the Reconnaissance Platoon were directed up the sides of a hill near Kutkai, to recon the nearby village. The troops found themselves living out in the open under the torrential monsoon rains in extremely unhealthy circumstances. Before the Second World War broke out, Burma was part of the British Empire, having been progressively occupied and annexed following three Anglo-Burmese wars in the 19th century. The 2nd Burma Brigade was squeezed into a progressively tighter perimeter, and eventually retreated over the river by ferry on 31 January after abandoning a large amount of supplies and equipment. At one stage, Alexander proposed that the 7th Armoured Brigade and one infantry brigade accompany the Chinese armies into Yunnan, but he was persuaded that the armoured brigade would quickly become ineffective once it was cut off from India. The 3rd Tank Regiment consisted of 26 Type 89Bs, four Type 97 medium tanks , seven Type 94 tankettes, and four Type 97 Te-Ke tankettes, and the 4th Tank Regiment contained 35 Type 95s, eight Type 89As, and three Type 94 tankettes. Many of them also retreated via the Hukawng Valley route and subsisted largely by looting, further increasing the misery of the refugees. Zaloga, Steven. From the total of 51 divisions in China and Manchuria only 11 were available in December 1941.. The first U.S. tank versus tank combat to occur in World War II, began on 22 December 1941, when a platoon of five brand new M3 Stuart light tanks from "B" company, 192nd Tank Battalion led by Lieutenant Ben R. Morin engaged the Imperial Japanese Army (IJA) 4th Tank Regiment's Type 95 Ha-Go light tanks north of Damortis during the retreat to the Bataan Peninsula in A British Lee tank crosses a river north of Imphal to meet the Japanese advance in Burma, 1944 . The Type 95 can trace its roots as far back as 1933. Part of the force was left behind in Moulmein and had to swim the river. After all, the closed infantry attack was only way to destory M3 Light Tanks. It consisted initially of 227 Burmese and 74 Japanese personnel. At least 500,000 civilian fugitives reached India, while an unknown number, conservatively estimated between 10,000 and 50,000, died along the way. [38] By contrast, many private individuals such as the Assam Tea Planters Association did their best to provide aid. [19], An additional factor was the Burma Road completed in 1938, which linked Lashio, at the end of a railway from the port of Rangoon, with the Chinese province of Yunnan. The ad hoc Burma Corps HQ was disbanded and IV Corps HQ, which had recently arrived in India, took over the front. In the coastal Arakan Province, some of the Burma Independence Army reached Akyab Island before the Japanese troops. The Type 89 was (relatively) heavy, well armored, with a moderately efficient low-velocity 57 mm (2.24 in) gun, but utterly slow. The Japanese reinforced their two divisions in Burma with the 18th Division transferred from Malaya and the 56th Division transferred from the Dutch East Indies after the fall of Singapore and Java. ], who was sent by the Kuomintang government of the Republic of China. Not realising that the British were evacuating Rangoon, Sakuma had withdrawn the road block, as ordered, once the 33rd Division reached its intended positions. The Allies hoped that the Japanese advance would slow down; instead, it gained speed. Tanks employing US pattern turrets were called the "Lee", named after Confederate general Robert E. Lee.Variants using British pattern turrets were known as "Grant", named after Union general Ulysses … U.S. Army M3 tanks during maneuvers in the United Kingdom. However, as the Burma Army retreated up through the country, the terrain became more difficult for tanks. The army consisted of the highly regarded 33rd Division and the 55th Division, although both divisions were weakened for several weeks by detachments to other operations. But then, in August 1945, came Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Although the Australian government refused to allow its troops to be committed to Burma, some British and Indian reinforcements, including the British 7th Armoured Brigade (equipped with new M3 Stuart tanks)[26] and the 63rd Indian Infantry Brigade, landed in Rangoon. "M3 and M5 Stuart Light Tank 1940–45". It was hoped that the Chinese Expeditionary Force in Burma, commanded by Luo Zhuoying and consisting of the Fifth Army (commanded by Du Yuming) and the Sixth and Sixty-sixth Armies, could hold a front south of Mandalay. On 12 July, a Thai division began to occupy Kayah State. During the war, the British Indian Army expanded more than twelve-fold from its peacetime strength of 200,000 but in late 1941 this expansion meant that most units were undertrained and ill-equipped. After that, it became the IJA policy that the tank is made in Japan. Type 89 Medium Tank. The battalions of the Burma Rifles which formed most of the 1st Burma Division were originally raised as internal security troops only, from among minority communities in Burma such as the Karens. The British sent the 7th Armored Brigade to Burma, which had been planned to send to Malaya. The M3 Lee, officially Medium Tank, M3, was an American medium tank used during World War II.In Britain, the tank was called by two names based on the turret configuration and crew size. The leading elements of the Thai Phayap Army crossed the border into the Shan States on 10 May 1942. In the early fight, a Japanese captured M3 Light Tank destroyed one M3 Medium Tank. /ModDate (D:20140203185037-05'00') The Japanese 143 Infantry Regiment (from 55th Division) then launched overland attacks on the airfields at Tavoy and Mergui in Tenasserim. British plans for the defence of British Far Eastern possessions involved the construction of airfields linking Singapore and Malaya with India. The majority of the airfields were between Rangoon and the Axis advance and as the Japanese gained use of the airfields in Tenasserim, the amount of warning the Rangoon airfields could get of attack decreased, and they became more and more untenable. The Chinese armies each had approximately the strength of a British division but comparatively little equipment. /CreationDate (D:20140203185037-05'00') The retreat was conducted in horrible circumstances. The Chinese 38th Division however, commanded by Sun Li-jen, fought its way westward across the Chindwin, arriving in India substantially intact although with heavy casualties. In this battle, Japanese tanks first encountered M3 Medium Tanks. On 21 December 1941, Thailand had signed a military alliance with Japan. It proved that Japan can develop the tank by themselves. In later months, 70 to 80% of those who reached India were afflicted with diseases such as dysentery, smallpox, malaria or cholera, with 30% "desperately so".[30]. The Thais remained in control of the Shan States for the remainder of the war. That tank shot at the rear of M3 Medium Tank at close range. India 1942 1945 Burma Study Weekend, York, November 2018 By: Rob PALMER, M.A. The British Civil Government of Burma had meanwhile fallen back to Myitkyina in Northern Burma, accompanied by many British, Anglo-Indian and Indian civilians. Yunnan and Kokang received the refugees from Panglong. It was donated to Yasukuni Since the whole Burma/Pacific WW2 thing became a thing I was mindful of the fact that of course I would need some Japanese opposition. The Japanese burned Panglong, driving out the over 200 Hui households out as refugees. The retreat was delayed by incidents such as a vehicle breaking through the bridge deck, air attacks (including, allegedly, accidental attacks by the RAF and AVG), and Japanese harassment. The commander of Burma Corps, Lieutenant General William Slim, tried to mount a counter-offensive on the western part of the front, but his troops were repeatedly outflanked and forced to fight their way out of encirclement. The tank regiments into which the Japanese battle tanks were usually formed in general consisted of roughly equal numbers of light and medium types. �n´�@�? These plans had not taken into account the fact that Britain was also at war with Germany, and when Japan entered the war, the forces needed to defend these possessions were not available. After the fall of Rangoon, the Allies tried to make a stand in central Burma. Most of the Japanese forces in Burma were … A Note on Colours Colours quoted in this reference guide should be used with the following in mind: 1. The position was almost impossible to defend, and had the River Salween, almost 1.5 miles (2.4 km) wide, behind it. Alexander ordered another attack but found the Japanese had gone. Four Americans were wounded and one light tank was damaged. Mergui was evacuated before it was attacked. This newly completed link was being used to move aid and munitions to the Chinese Nationalist forces of Chiang Kai-Shek which had been fighting the Japanese for several years. By May 1942, Burcorps was thrown out of Burma, losing most of its tanks and motor vehicles, 28 out of 48 artillery pieces, and 13,463 casualties. After the war, Japanese veterans recovered the tank from Saipan. The Burma campaign in the South-East Asian Theatre of World War II was fought primarily by British Commonwealth, Chinese and United States forces against the forces of Imperial Japan, who were assisted to some degree by Thailand, the Burmese National Army and the Indian National Army.The British Commonwealth land forces were drawn primarily from the United Kingdom, British India and … Fearing that the bridge would fall intact to the Japanese who would use it to advance on Rangoon, the divisional commander, Major-General "Jackie" Smyth, VC, ordered it to be blown up on the morning of 23 February 1942, with most of the division stranded on the enemy-held side. The corps was gradually pushed northward towards Mandalay. Lieutenant General Thomas Hutton, the commander of Burma Army with its headquarters in Rangoon, had only the 17th Indian Infantry Division and 1st Burma Division to defend the country, although help was expected from the Chinese Nationalist government under Chiang Kai-shek. Type 97 Chi-Ha – Yūshūkan Museum, Yasukuni Shrine, Tokyo (Japan) This tank was part of the 9th Tank Regiment first based in Manchuria, then in April 1944 was sent to Saipan. An army of 30,000 Japanese troops were still trapped in central Burma, hoping to meet up with more Japanese forces on the Thai border. The airfields were difficult to defend and reinforce, but Burma Army HQ had been ordered to hold these outposts because of their importance to the defence of Malaya. The Japanese forces held a slight advantage in numbers in northern Malaya and were significantly superior in close air support, armour, co-ordination, tactics and experience, Japanese units having fought in the Second Sino-Japanese War. `��J~HI��E�0�u�\��s =��m'0��^�� Though the first Japanese tank was made, it was too big and too heavy (18 tons) to use as main tank … Japanese troops and tanks advance to Mandalay, Burma, during World War II. The Allies had no tanks, which had put them at … They also brought in large numbers of captured British trucks and other vehicles, which allowed them to move supplies rapidly using southern Burma's road network, and also use Motorised infantry columns, particularly against the Chinese forces. The Japanese suffered 4,597 killed and wounded, did not pursue Burcorps into India. General Archibald Wavell, the commander-in-chief of the ABDA Command, nevertheless ordered Rangoon to be held. endobj After recuperating they were re-equipped and retrained by American instructors. �h�G6#8��+7�-��2S�� |�b�b��5f[�u#m r�u�rz��GO~��t�b!lQC:� Z�1�C�8't�K,ç|\v��`z[�IC��uN<0��(}��^DP�Lx�N��*�X8r��%�5��}6�, ��9��0�Ѩ��H�ϵ:F�S �W�C,�d?h��u�� C�:$�6h(mE��W�ki�We��I�@�� e��'� O�E�>8��G��! I was wondering if anyone had any data on the number of armored vehicles (on both sides, but especially the Japanese) that took part in the fighting in Burma. The Burma Independence Army was officially founded in Bangkok, Thailand on 28 December 1941. The Japanese Fifteenth Army, commanded by Lieutenant General Shojiro Iida, was initially assigned the mission of occupying northern Thailand, which had signed a treaty of friendship with Japan on 21 December 1941, and attacking the southern Burmese province of Tenasserim across the Tenasserim Hills. On 26 April the British, Indian and Burman forces joined the civilians in a full retreat. He was expecting substantial reinforcements from the Middle East, including an Australian infantry division. Indian troops provided the majority of 14th Army's fighting strength during the Burma … Although counter-attacks allowed the troops to escape, most of the Burma Corps' remaining equipment had to be destroyed or abandoned. Initially governed as part of British India, Burma was formed into a separate colony under the Government of India Act 1935. [17] When Burma came under attack, the Bamar were unwilling to contribute to the defence of the British establishment, and many readily joined movements which aided the Japanese. Muslim Ma Guanggui became the leader of the refugees were later given intensive military training on Island. Thai infantry divisions and one cavalry division, supported by the Kuomintang Government of India Act 1935 India, many! 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